Andorra

Andorra is a small landlocked country in the Pyrenees mountains, known for its scenic landscapes, ski resorts, and unique co-principality system. | Flag | | | -------------------- | ---------------- | | Country Code ISO2 | AD | | Country Code ISO3 | AND | | Country Code Numeric | 020 | | Capital | Andorra la Vella | | Currency | Euro | | Currency Code | EUR | | Internet TLD | .ad | | Calling Code | +376 | | Time Zone | UTC +01:00 | | Driving Side | Right | | Area (sq. kms) | 468 | | Demonym | Andorran | | Official Language | Catalan | | Largest City | Andorra la Vella | | Date Format | DD/MM/YYYY |

History

Andorra’s history is closely tied to its strategic location in the Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain. According to tradition, Andorra was granted a charter by Charlemagne in the 9th century as a reward for resisting Moorish forces. Over time, governance of the region came under a unique co-principality system established in 1278 through a feudal agreement between the Count of Foix and the Bishop of Urgell in Spain.

This dual sovereignty arrangement persisted for centuries, making Andorra one of the world’s oldest continuous political entities. Despite its small size, Andorra maintained relative independence while being influenced by its larger neighbors. In 1993, the country adopted its first formal constitution, transforming it into a parliamentary democracy while retaining the co-princes—now the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell—as ceremonial heads of state.

Since then, Andorra has modernized rapidly, developing a strong economy based on tourism and finance, while preserving its cultural heritage and political uniqueness.