Introduction to Computer Basics
Definition of a Computer
A computer is an electronic device that is used for computing and calculating. The name computer is derived from the Latin word computare, meaning to reckon or to compute. This term applies equally to early devices like the abacus and modern digital computers. A computer is capable of storing, retrieving, and processing data efficiently.
It can be programmed to perform tasks such as creating documents, preparing spreadsheets, calculating complex applications, sending emails, and browsing the internet. High-end applications like accounting, database management, and presentations are easily handled using computers.
Beyond computation, computers also serve as entertainment hubs. They allow users to play games, listen to music, and watch videos or movies. Every computer comprises two main components — hardware and software — available in various configurations and types.
Characteristics and Capabilities of Computer System
- Speed – Computers perform millions of calculations per second, processing data much faster than humans.
- Accuracy – Computers deliver results with a high degree of precision when programmed correctly.
- Reliability – Computers can perform repetitive tasks consistently without fatigue or errors.
- Storage Capacity – They can store vast amounts of data and retrieve it quickly when needed.
- Reduced Costs – Automation and accuracy provided by computers help in minimizing human effort and operational costs.
Capabilities of a Computer
- Computers can execute millions of instructions per second (MIPS), enabling high-speed operations.
- They process instructions precisely, producing correct outputs as per the programmed algorithms.
- Computers achieve up to 99.99% accuracy, depending on the algorithms and hardware used.
Block Diagram of a Computer
Block Diagram of a Computer:
(Refer to image — Block_Diagram.png)
The basic block diagram of a computer system consists of four main components — Input Unit, Output Unit, Memory Unit, and Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is further divided into the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Control Unit (CU). Together, these components enable the computer to accept data, process it, store it, and produce the desired output.